Hair Weathering as a Cause of Hair Loss
Hair weathering is a common hair problem, usually a
minor cause of hair loss that is defined by severe damage in the hair. Like
the skin, the term “weathering” may refer to the structural damage that
affects the hair shaft but not the hair follicle (root). This damage may be
local, focal or extensive. Structural breakdown may occur as part of the
hair growth cycle. This cycle involves periods of “growth and rest” where
the hair continuously grows over a long period (about 2-7 years) then slows
down to a period of transition before it comes to a full stop and sheds off
the scalp. Over time, the structural proteins in the hair shaft become
fragile and gradually break down.
In weathering, the cuticle or the outermost layer of
the hair (appearing like fish-scales under the microscope) strips off
usually from the middle of the fiber. Loss of the cuticle may significantly
expose the cortex or the softer layers. As a result, the hair loses
structure and elasticity, and becomes frizzier and hard to manage. Weathered
hair is also usually less shiny, dry, rough and very brittle.
Causes of Hair Weathering
The breakdown of the hair shaft can be worsened by
various environmental factors and cosmetic processes contributing to hair
weathering. The deterioration occurs due to several causes, including:
- Excessive
Exposure to the Sun. When the
hair is being exposed to ultraviolet rays, the hair become weak and
brittle. It also causes the hair to become stiff and have decreased
luster. The UVA and UVB rays damage the protein and lipids in the
cuticle of the hair. It is therefore advised to wear a head covering of
some sort when outdoors in the daytime for prolonged periods to avoid
excessive ultraviolet exposure. There are also sunscreen products
available for the hair especially for those who spend more time in the
water than the usual.
- Harsh
Chemicals and Treatments.
Any hair treatment involving heat
products and strong chemicals may cause the weathering of the hair. The
use of heated curlers, rollers and straightening irons can draw moisture
out of the hair, thereby leaving it brittle. Long-term permanent hair
treatments such as bleaching, dyeing, and using of improper hair
products such as degreasing shampoos may also damage the hair shaft.
- Water and
Sunlight. Too much exposure
to salt water and the sun may result in “surfer’s hair” that is
characterized by bleached and frazzled hair. The loss of hair color, as
a characteristic of “surfer’s hair,” is caused by the sun’s damage to
the melanin granules. Also, it is important to note that water from
swimming pools, due to its chemical content,
can damage hair greatly.
- Vigorous
Brushing, Combing and Twisted Hair Styles.
Hard combing and brushing of
tangled hair may cause severe damage to the hair shaft. The friction of
the comb or brush may cause the cuticle of the hair to tear and break
down easily. Also, studies have shown that twisted hair styles such as
braiding, corn-rowing, and dreadlocks aggravate hair damage.
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